Epoxy resin is a compound resulting from the fusion of two elements, giving rise to a tough, resistant substance.
Thanks to its ease of handling, its ability to be tinted to suit individual tastes, and its innovative, aesthetic appearance, epoxy resin proves to be a good choice for a variety of DIY projects, both practical like a table and ornamental like jewelry.
Today, I’d like to take you through the mechanisms behind its action, as well as the various spheres of application of this fashionable product!
What is epoxy?
Epoxy is a thermosetting polymer in liquid form, composed of two components. At temperatures between 20 and 25°C, it can be handled in a liquid state, then begins its curing process as soon as it is subjected to a temperature range of 10 to 15°C.
How to use and mix epoxy resin: Practical advice
Epoxy resin comes in two separate bottles: one containing the resin (designated A) and the other containing the hardener (designated B). An accurate balance, such as a kitchen scale, is recommended for precise measurement of the two ingredients. Each bottle provides the proportions needed for the right combination.
Pour the required amount of resin into a suitable container (silicone). To make it easier to measure the hardener, opt for a round number of grams of resin, which will simplify the process.
Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions on the bottles to determine the correct amount of hardener to incorporate. Mix the two components thoroughly for 2 to 3 minutes, taking care to remove any residue adhering to the sides of the container. Perfect mixing homogeneity is essential; without it, the epoxy resin may not harden properly and may show opaque areas or abundant air bubbles.
The resin takes several days to harden. Its hardness is directly influenced by its composition and ambient temperature. As the days go by, its mechanical strength continues to increase. In the first 24 hours, it may still seem malleable, but solidification takes place gradually. It hardens faster in winter, thanks to lower temperatures, but also in summer, when temperatures drop sufficiently at night.
Precision Epoxy Resin Work: Preventing Opacity
How to prevent opacity in epoxy resin?
This notion is important, as the main advantage of this resin is its transparency. This opacity, often caused by surrounding humidity, appears as a thin layer on the surface. In fact, the resin reacts negatively to humidity. Even if its fundamental composition remains unchanged, an aesthetically unpleasant alteration can form on the surface.
To prevent this problem, we strongly recommend handling the resin in a low-humidity or dehumidified environment. In addition, mix the components after warming them slightly (e.g. by placing them near a radiator). Then, apply the mixture only when it is lukewarm, at a temperature close to 40°C. This will make the resin molecules less vulnerable to ambient humidity. Be careful, however, to avoid the resin starting to harden in the container!
For this reason, avoid preparing and applying resin during periods of high humidity (rainy days, damp evenings) and on damp surfaces (undried wood, fresh cement, etc.).
Eliminating Air Bubbles and Enhancing Resin Gloss
If small air bubbles form in the resin, their removal can be accomplished using degassing devices. However, a significant reduction can be achieved by careful, gentle and prolonged mixing of the resin.
In addition, when pouring the resin, keep the container as close to the surface as possible to avoid excessive introduction of air as it falls. Let the resin stand for a few minutes, allowing any remaining air bubbles to rise to the surface. Then, a simple heat source such as a flame or heat gun can be gently applied to the surface to burst them.
To obtain a beautiful sheen on a large resin surface or an irregular surface, the application of a polyurethane spray varnish proves effective. A clear acrylic spray varnish can also be used. For optimum gloss, two to three coats are required.
Another method of enhancing gloss is to polish the resin surface using abrasive paper followed by polishing paste. However, it’s important to note that this technique requires a certain amount of experience to be performed correctly.
Precautions for use
Epoxy resin has remarkable qualities, but is often perceived by the general public as a simple modeling paste for occasional hobbies. However, it was originally an industrial product. The epoxies it contains can be highly toxic and allergenic. Strict precautionary measures are essential, especially when using large quantities. The use of filter masks, nitrile gloves and adequate ventilation is strongly recommended.
This article is, of course, only an introduction to Epoxy resin. To find out more and get started on your own creations, I recommend the Résine&Co website, which will answer all your questions.
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